Apple Silicon vs NVIDIA Memory Bandwidth: M1 to M5 and RTX 4090/5090 Compared

In AI processing and creative work, a chip’s memory bandwidth is a decisive factor for performance. Memory bandwidth measures how fast data moves between the processor and memory, and high bandwidth pays off in workloads that handle large volumes of data.

This article compares the memory bandwidth of each Apple Silicon generation from M1 to M5 against NVIDIA’s GeForce RTX 4090/5090, and explains the architectural characteristics of each. It clarifies how two different approaches—Apple’s unified memory architecture and NVIDIA’s dedicated GDDR6X/GDDR7 memory—translate into different performance profiles.

The Evolution of Apple Silicon Memory Bandwidth

The M1 Generation (2020)

Apple Silicon’s M1 generation is the first generation of Apple’s in-house ARM-based chips. The M1 series adopts a unified memory architecture in which the CPU and GPU can access the same memory pool, reducing memory-copy overhead.

Chip	Memory Bandwidth	Memory Capacity
M1	68.25 GB/s¹	Up to 16GB
M1 Pro	200 GB/s²	Up to 32GB
M1 Max	400 GB/s²	Up to 64GB
M1 Ultra	800 GB/s²	Up to 128GB

The M1 Ultra achieves 800 GB/s of bandwidth by connecting two M1 Max chips through Apple’s proprietary UltraFusion interconnect.

The M2 Generation (2022)

The M2 generation improved performance over the M1 while also enhancing power efficiency.

Chip	Memory Bandwidth	Memory Capacity
M2	100 GB/s³	Up to 24GB
M2 Pro	200 GB/s⁴	Up to 32GB
M2 Max	400 GB/s⁴	Up to 96GB
M2 Ultra	800 GB/s⁴	Up to 192GB

The base M2 model rose from the M1’s 68.25 GB/s to 100 GB/s, an increase of roughly 50%³. The M2 Pro and M2 Max each retain the same bandwidth as their M1-generation counterparts.

The M3 Generation (2023)

In the M3 generation, the manufacturing process was refined to 3nm and a new GPU architecture was introduced. However, the reduction in the M3 Pro’s memory bandwidth sparked controversy.

Chip	Memory Bandwidth	Memory Capacity
M3	Not disclosed	Up to 24GB
M3 Pro	150 GB/s⁵	Up to 36GB
M3 Max	300-400 GB/s⁵	Up to 128GB
M3 Ultra	819.3 GB/s⁶	Up to 512GB

The M3 Pro dropped 25%, from the 200 GB/s of the M1 Pro and M2 Pro down to 150 GB/s⁵. This was due to the adoption of a 192-bit memory bus, a design change reportedly aimed at cost reduction. The M3 Max comes in two variants: the 14-core CPU / 30-core GPU version delivers 300 GB/s, while the full version delivers 400 GB/s.

The M4 Generation (2024)

The M4 generation substantially recovered the memory bandwidth that had been cut in the M3 Pro.

Chip	Memory Bandwidth	Memory Capacity
M4	120 GB/s⁷	Up to 32GB
M4 Pro	273 GB/s⁷	Up to 48GB
M4 Max	546 GB/s⁸	Up to 128GB

The M4 Pro reaches 273 GB/s, an 82% jump over the M3 Pro. The M4 Max hits 546 GB/s, a 36.5% increase over the full version of the M3 Max (400 GB/s).

The M5 Generation (2025)

Announced in October 2025, the M5 is the latest generation of Apple Silicon.

Chip	Memory Bandwidth	Memory Capacity
M5	153 GB/s⁹	Up to 32GB

The M5 carries 153 GB/s of memory bandwidth, up about 27.5% from the M4’s 120 GB/s⁹. Compared with the M1’s 68.25 GB/s, that is more than double the performance.

Memory Bandwidth of the NVIDIA GeForce RTX Series

NVIDIA’s GeForce RTX series comprises high-end GPUs aimed at gaming and creators. The RTX 40 series and the latest 50 series pack dedicated GDDR memory and deliver extremely high memory bandwidth.

RTX 4090 (2022)

The RTX 4090 is the flagship model built on the Ada Lovelace architecture.

Item	Specification
Memory Bandwidth	1,008 GB/s (1.01 TB/s)¹⁰
Memory Capacity	24 GB
Memory Type	GDDR6X
Memory Bus Width	384-bit¹⁰
Memory Clock	1313 MHz (21 Gbps effective)¹⁰

The RTX 4090 offers more bandwidth than Apple Silicon’s top-end M1 Ultra (800 GB/s) and M3 Ultra (819.3 GB/s).

RTX 5090 (2025)

The RTX 5090 is the latest-generation flagship GPU built on the Blackwell architecture. It was announced at CES in January 2025¹¹.

Item	Specification
Memory Bandwidth	1,792 GB/s¹¹
Memory Capacity	32 GB
Memory Type	GDDR7¹¹
Memory Bus Width	512-bit¹¹
Memory Clock	28 Gbps¹¹

The RTX 5090’s memory bandwidth is 78% higher than the RTX 4090’s 1,008 GB/s¹¹, thanks to next-generation GDDR7 memory and a 512-bit bus. That bandwidth is dramatically higher than any Apple Silicon chip—3.3 times that of the M4 Max (546 GB/s).

Architectural Differences and Use-Case Comparison

Unified Memory vs. Dedicated VRAM

There is a fundamental difference between the memory architectures of Apple Silicon and NVIDIA GPUs.

Apple’s unified memory has the CPU and GPU share the same memory pool. This eliminates memory-copy overhead and improves memory efficiency. For example, on a Mac with 32GB of unified memory, the application and the GPU share the same memory, which simplifies memory management.

NVIDIA’s dedicated VRAM is memory reserved for the GPU. It is allocated separately from system memory and optimized for GPU processing. The RTX 5090’s 32GB of memory is used exclusively by the GPU, separate from system memory.

When Bandwidth Matters Most

The scenarios where memory bandwidth is critical include the following.

3D rendering and video editing require large volumes of texture and frame data to be transferred at high speed. The RTX 5090’s 1,792 GB/s shines in 8K video editing and real-time rendering of complex 3D scenes.

AI and machine learning demand high bandwidth for training and inference on large models. NVIDIA’s RTX series delivers excellent performance on deep-learning tasks through the combination of dedicated Tensor cores and high-bandwidth memory.

General development work favors Apple Silicon’s unified memory. With no memory-copy overhead, data sharing between the CPU and GPU is efficient. The M5’s 153 GB/s is more than enough for everyday development tasks, web browsing, and document work.

Generational Trends

Apple Silicon’s Strategy

Apple cut memory bandwidth on the M3 Pro but substantially improved it in the M4 generation. This is likely the result of rebalancing cost and performance. The M4 Pro and M4 Max delivered bandwidth gains of 82% and 36.5% over the previous generation, respectively, meeting the needs of professional users.

In the M5 generation, Apple raised the base model’s bandwidth to 153 GB/s, signaling a direction toward delivering high performance to a broader range of users.

NVIDIA’s Evolution

As NVIDIA moved from the RTX 4090 to the RTX 5090, it substantially advanced its memory technology. The shift from GDDR6X to GDDR7 and the expansion of the bus width from 384-bit to 512-bit produced a 78% increase in bandwidth.

This evolution strengthens support for compute-intensive workloads such as AI inference and ray tracing.

Performance Comparison Summary

Apple Silicon’s top-end M4 Max carries 546 GB/s of memory bandwidth—remarkably high for an integrated system. NVIDIA’s RTX 5090, meanwhile, delivers an overwhelming 1,792 GB/s as a dedicated GPU.

Their strengths differ. Apple Silicon excels in power efficiency and system integration, making it well suited to mobile devices and all-in-one systems. NVIDIA’s RTX series is ideal for professional workstations and gaming PCs that demand maximum performance.

Choosing the right option for the job maximizes both work efficiency and return on investment. For general development work and content creation, Apple Silicon is a strong fit; for heavy 3D rendering and large-scale AI training, NVIDIA GPUs are the better choice.

The evolution of these chips is likely to continue alongside future gains in hardware performance. Ongoing innovation from each company should bring even higher bandwidth and efficiency.